doc-el commit 1085:a650695dee72 - Translate section 19.4 (geom c...
freebsd-doc-el at lists.hellug.gr
freebsd-doc-el at lists.hellug.gr
Sat Nov 29 00:02:54 EET 2008
changeset: 1085:a650695dee72
user: Manolis Kiagias <sonicy at otenet.gr>
date: 2008-11-22 19:40 +0200
details: http://hg.hellug.gr/freebsd/doc-el/?cmd=changeset;node=a650695dee72
description:
Translate section 19.4 (geom chapter)
diffstat:
1 file changed, 101 insertions(+), 91 deletions(-)
el_GR.ISO8859-7/books/handbook/geom/chapter.sgml | 192 +++++++++++-----------
diffs (289 lines):
diff -r 55d060694673 -r a650695dee72 el_GR.ISO8859-7/books/handbook/geom/chapter.sgml
--- a/el_GR.ISO8859-7/books/handbook/geom/chapter.sgml Thu Nov 20 23:55:19 2008 +0200
+++ b/el_GR.ISO8859-7/books/handbook/geom/chapter.sgml Sat Nov 22 19:40:39 2008 +0200
@@ -249,85 +249,90 @@
<primary>Disk Mirroring</primary>
</indexterm>
- <para>Mirroring is a technology used by many corporations and home
- users to back up data without interruption. When a mirror exists,
- it simply means that diskB replicates diskA. Or, perhaps diskC+D
- replicates diskA+B. Regardless of the disk configuration, the
- important aspect is that information on one disk or partition is
- being replicated. Later, that information could be more easily
- restored, backed up without causing service or access
- interruption, and even be physically stored in a data
- safe.</para>
+ <para>Ôï mirroring (êáèñåöôéóìüò) åßíáé ìéá ôå÷íïëïãßá ðïõ
+ ÷ñçóéìïðïéåßôáé áðü ðïëëÝò åôáéñßåò êáé ïéêéáêïýò ÷ñÞóôåò ãéá íá
+ áóöáëßóïõí ôá äåäïìÝíá ôïõò ÷ùñßò äéáêïðÝò. Óå ìéá äéÜôáîç mirror,
+ ï äßóêïò Â åßíáé áðëþò Ýíá ðëÞñåò áíôßãñáöï ôïõ äßóêïõ Á. ¹ ìðïñåß
+ ïé äßóêïé Ã+Ä íá åßíáé áíôßãñáöá ôùí äßóêùí A+B. ¶ó÷åôá ìå ôçí
+ áêñéâÞ äéÜôáîç ôùí äßóêùí, ôï óçìáíôéêü åßíáé üôé ïé ðëçñïöïñßåò åíüò
+ äßóêïõ Þ ìéáò êáôÜôìçóçò áíôéãñÜöïíôáé óå Üëëïõò. Ïé ðëçñïöïñßåò
+ áõôÝò ìðïñåß áñãüôåñá íá áðïêáôáóôáèïýí, íá áðïèçêåõèïýí ÷ùñßò íá
+ ðñïêëçèåß äéáêïðÞ óôéò õðçñåóßåò ôïõ ìç÷áíÞìáôïò Þ óôçí ðñüóâáóç ôùí
+ äåäïìÝíùí. Ìðïñïýí áêüìá êáé íá ìåôáöåñèïýí êáé íá öõëá÷èïýí óå
+ Üëëï, áóöáëÝò ìÝñïò.</para>
- <para>To begin, ensure the system has two disk drives of equal size,
- these exercises assume they are direct access (&man.da.4;)
- <acronym>SCSI</acronym> disks.</para>
+ <para>Ãéá íá îåêéíÞóåôå, âåâáéùèåßôå üôé ôï óýóôçìá óáò Ý÷åé äýï óêëçñïýò
+ äßóêïõò ßäéïõ ìåãÝèïõò. Óôá ðáñáäåßãìáôá ìáò èåùñïýìå üôé ïé äßóêïé
+ åßíáé ôýðïõ <acronym>SCSI</acronym> áðåõèåßáò ðñüóâáóçò
+ (&man.da.4;).</para>
<sect2>
- <title>Mirroring Primary Disks</title>
+ <title>Mirroring óôïõò Âáóéêïýò Äßóêïõò</title>
- <para>Assuming &os; has been installed on the first,
- <devicename>da0</devicename> disk device, &man.gmirror.8;
- should be told to store its primary data there.</para>
+ <para>ÕðïèÝôïíôáò üôé ôï &os; Ý÷åé åãêáôáóôáèåß óôïí ðñþôï äßóêï,
+ <devicename>da0</devicename> èá ðñÝðåé íá ñõèìßóåôå ôï &man.gmirror.8;
+ íá áðïèçêåýóåé åêåß ôá âáóéêÜ äåäïìÝíá ôïõ.</para>
- <para>Before building the mirror, enable additional debugging
- information and opening access to the device by setting the
- <varname>kern.geom.debugflags</varname> &man.sysctl.8; option
- to the following value:</para>
+ <para>Ðñéí äçìéïõñãÞóåôå ôï mirror, åíåñãïðïéÞóôå ôçí äõíáôüôçôá
+ åìöÜíéóçò ðåñéóóüôåñùí ëåðôïìåñåéþí (ðïõ ìðïñåß íá óáò âïçèÞóïõí óå
+ ðåñßðôùóç ðñïâëÞìáôïò) êáé åðéôñÝøôå ôçí áðåõèåßáò ðñüóâáóç óôç
+ óõóêåõÞ äßóêïõ. Ãéá ôï óêïðü áõôü èÝóôå ôç ìåôáâëçôÞ
+ <varname>kern.geom.debugflags</varname> ôïõ &man.sysctl.8;
+ óôçí ðáñáêÜôù ôéìÞ:</para>
<screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>sysctl kern.geom.debugflags=17</userinput></screen>
- <para>Now create the mirror. Begin the process by storing
- meta-data information on the primary disk device,
- effectively creating the
- <filename class="devicefile">/dev/mirror/gm</filename> device
- using the following command:</para>
+ <para>Ìðïñåßôå ôþñá íá äçìéïõñãÞóåôå ôï mirror. ÎåêéíÞóôå ôç
+ äéáäéêáóßá áðïèçêåýïíôáò ôá ìåôá-äåäïìÝíá (meta-data) óôïí âáóéêü
+ äßóêï, ïõóéáóôéêÜ äçìéïõñãþíôáò ôç óõóêåõÞ
+ <filename class="devicefile">/dev/mirror/gm</filename>.
+ ×ñçóéìïðïéÞóôå ôçí ðáñáêÜôù åíôïëÞ:</para>
<screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>gmirror label -vb round-robin gm0 /dev/da0</userinput></screen>
- <para>The system should respond with:</para>
+ <para>Ôï óýóôçìá èá áíôáðïêñéèåß ìå ôï ðáñáêÜôù ìÞíõìá:</para>
<screen>Metadata value stored on /dev/da0.
Done.</screen>
- <para>Initialize GEOM, this will load the
- <filename>/boot/kernel/geom_mirror.ko</filename> kernel
- module:</para>
+ <para>Áñ÷éêïðïéÞóôå ôï GEOM. Ç ðáñáêÜôù åíôïëÞ èá öïñôþóåé ôï Üñèñùìá
+ <filename>/boot/kernel/geom_mirror.ko</filename> óôïí ðõñÞíá:</para>
<screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>gmirror load</userinput></screen>
<note>
- <para>When this command completes successfully, it creates the
- <devicename>gm0</devicename> device node under the
- <filename class="directory">/dev/mirror</filename>
- directory.</para>
+ <para>Ìå ôçí åðéôõ÷Þ åêôÝëåóç áõôÞò ôçò åíôïëÞò, äçìéïõñãåßôáé ç
+ óõóêåõÞ <devicename>gm0</devicename> ìÝóá óôïí êáôÜëïãï
+ <filename class="directory">/dev/mirror</filename>.</para>
</note>
- <para>Enable loading of the <filename>geom_mirror.ko</filename>
- kernel module during system initialization:</para>
+ <para>ÅíåñãïðïéÞóôå ôï öüñôùìá ôïõ áñèñþìáôïò
+ <filename>geom_mirror.ko</filename> êáôÜ ôçí åêêßíçóç ôïõ
+ óõóôÞìáôïò:</para>
<screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>echo 'geom_mirror_load="YES"' >> /boot/loader.conf</userinput></screen>
- <para>Edit the <filename>/etc/fstab</filename> file, replacing
- references to the old <devicename>da0</devicename> with the
- new device nodes of the <devicename>gm0</devicename> mirror device.
- As the <username>root</username> user, edit the
+ <para>Åðåîåñãáóôåßôå ôï áñ÷åßï <filename>/etc/fstab</filename>,
+ áíôéêáèéóôþíôáò ôéò áíáöïñÝò óôéò ðáëéÝò óõóêåõÝò
+ <devicename>da0</devicename> ìå ôéò áíôßóôïé÷åò êáéíïýñéåò
+ <devicename>gm0</devicename> ðïõ áíôéðñïóùðåýïõí ôï mirror. Ùò
+ ÷ñÞóôçò <username>root</username>, ôñïðïðïéÞóôå ôï áñ÷åßï
<filename>/etc/fstab</filename>:</para>
<screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>vi /etc/fstab</userinput></screen>
- <para>In &man.vi.1; back up the current contents of
- <filename>fstab</filename> by typing
- <userinput>:w /etc/fstab.bak</userinput>. Then
- replace all old <devicename>da0</devicename> references
- with <devicename>gm0</devicename> by typing
+ <para>Óôï &man.vi.1;, êñáôÞóôå áíôßãñáöï áóöáëåßáò ôïõ ôñÝ÷ïíôïò
+ áñ÷åßïõ <filename>fstab</filename> ðëçêôñïëïãþíôáò
+ <userinput>:w /etc/fstab.bak</userinput>. ¸ðåéôá áíôéêáôáóôÞóôå
+ üëåò ôéò áíáöïñÝò óôéò ðáëéÝò óõóêåõÝò <devicename>da0</devicename>
+ ìå ôéò íÝåò <devicename>gm0</devicename> ãñÜöïíôáò
<userinput>:%s/da/mirror\/gm/g</userinput>.<para>
- <para>The resulting <filename>fstab</filename> file should look
- similar to the following. It does not matter if the disk
- drives are <acronym>SCSI</acronym> or <acronym>ATA</acronym>,
- the <acronym>RAID</acronym> device will be
- <devicename>gm</devicename> regardless.</para>
+ <para>Ôï <filename>fstab</filename> ðïõ èá ðñïêýøåé, èá ìïéÜæåé ìå
+ ôï ðáñáêÜôù. Äåí Ý÷åé óçìáóßá áí ïé äßóêïé Þôáí áñ÷éêÜ
+ <acronym>SCSI</acronym> Þ <acronym>ATA</acronym>, ç óõóêåõÞ
+ <acronym>RAID</acronym> èá Ý÷åé ðÜíôá ôï üíïìá
+ <devicename>gm</devicename>.</para>
<programlisting># Device Mountpoint FStype Options Dump Pass#
/dev/mirror/gm0s2b none swap sw 0 0
@@ -336,15 +341,15 @@
/dev/mirror/gm0s2e /usr ufs rw 2 2
/dev/acd0 /cdrom cd9660 ro,noauto 0 0</programlisting>
- <para>Reboot the system:</para>
+ <para>ÅðáíåêêéíÞóôå ôï óýóôçìá:</para>
<screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>shutdown -r now</userinput></screen>
- <para>During system initialization, the
- <devicename>gm0</devicename> should be used in place of the
- <devicename>da0</devicename> device. Once fully initialized,
- this may be checked by visually inspecting the output from
- the <command>mount</command> command:</para>
+ <para>ÊáôÜ ôçí åêêßíçóç ôïõ óõóôÞìáôïò, èá ðñÝðåé ðëÝïí íá
+ ÷ñçóéìïðïéçèåß ç óõóêåõÞ <devicename>gm0</devicename> áíôß ãéá ôçí
+ <devicename>da0</devicename>. ÌåôÜ ôï ôÝëïò ôçò åêêßíçóçò, ìðïñåßôå
+ íá åëÝãîåôå üôé üëá ëåéôïõñãïýí óùóôÜ, åîåôÜæïíôáò ôçí Ýîïäï ôçò
+ åíôïëÞò <command>mount</command>:</para>
<screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>mount</userinput>
Filesystem 1K-blocks Used Avail Capacity Mounted on
@@ -355,82 +360,87 @@
/dev/mirror/gm0s1e 3045006 2241420 559986 80% /var
devfs 1 1 0 100% /var/named/dev</screen>
- <para>The output looks good, as expected. Finally, to begin
- synchronization, insert the <devicename>da1</devicename> disk
- into the mirror using the following command:</para>
+ <para>Ç Ýîïäïò öáßíåôáé óùóôÞ, üðùò áíáìåíüôáí. ÔåëéêÜ, ãéá íá
+ îåêéíÞóåé ï óõã÷ñïíéóìüò, åéóÜãåôå êáé ôçí óõóêåõÞ
+ <devicename>da1</devicename> óôï mirror, ÷ñçóéìïðïéþíôáò ôçí
+ áêüëïõèç åíôïëÞ:</para>
<screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>gmirror insert gm0 /dev/da1</userinput></screen>
- <para>As the mirror is built the status may be checked using
- the following command:</para>
+ <para>ÊáôÜ ôç äéÜñêåéá ôïõ óõã÷ñïíéóìïý ôïõ mirror, ìðïñåßôå íá äåßôå
+ ôçí ðñüïäï ôçò äéáäéêáóßáò ìå ôçí ðáñáêÜôù åíôïëÞ:</para>
<screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>gmirror status</userinput></screen>
- <para>Once the mirror has been built and all current data
- has been synchronized, the output from the above command
- should look like:</para>
+ <para>ÌåôÜ ôï ôÝëïò ôçò äüìçóçò ôïõ mirror, êáé áöïý Ý÷ïõí óõã÷ñïíéóôåß
+ üëá ôá äåäïìÝíá, ç Ýîïäïò ôçò ðáñáðÜíù åíôïëÞò èá ìïéÜæåé ìå ôçí
+ áêüëïõèç:</para>
<screen> Name Status Components
mirror/gm0 COMPLETE da0
da1</screen>
- <para>If there are any issues, or the mirror is still
- completing the build process, the example will show
- <literal>DEGRADED</literal> in place of
+ <para>Áí õðÜñ÷ïõí ðñïâëÞìáôá, Þ áí ôï mirror âñßóêåôáé áêüìá óôç
+ äéáäéêáóßá óõã÷ñïíéóìïý, ôï ðáñÜäåéãìá èá äåß÷íåé
+ <literal>DEGRADED</literal> áíôß ãéá
<literal>COMPLETE</literal>.</para>
</sect2>
<sect2>
- <title>Troubleshooting</title>
+ <title>Áíôéìåôþðéóç ÐñïâëçìÜôùí</title>
<sect3>
- <title>System refuses to boot</title>
+ <title>Ôï óýóôçìá áñíåßôáé íá îåêéíÞóåé</title>
- <para>If the system boots up to a prompt similar to:</para>
+ <para>Áí ôï óýóôçìá óáò óôáìáôÜåé óå ìéá ðñïôñïðÞ ðïõ ìïéÜæåé ìå ôçí
+ ðáñáêÜôù:</para>
<programlisting>ffs_mountroot: can't find rootvp
Root mount failed: 6
mountroot></programlisting>
- <para>Reboot the machine using the power or reset button. At
- the boot menu, select option six (6). This will drop the
- system to a &man.loader.8; prompt. Load the kernel module
- manually:</para>
+ <para>ÅðáíåêêéíÞóôå ôï óýóôçìá óáò ìÝóù ôïõ äéáêüðôç ôñïöïäïóßáò Þ
+ ôïõ ðëÞêôñïõ reset. Óôï ìåíïý åêêßíçóçò, åðéëÝîôå ôï (6). Ìå ôïí
+ ôñüðï áõôü èá âñåèåßôå óôçí ðñïôñïðÞ ôïõ &man.loader.8;. Öïñôþóôå
+ ÷åéñïêßíçôá ôï Üñèñùìá óôïí ðõñÞíá:</para>
<screen>OK? <userinput>load geom_mirror</userinput>
OK? <userinput>boot</userinput></screen>
- <para>If this works then for whatever reason the module was not
- being loaded properly. Place:</para>
+ <para>Áí ôï ðáñáðÜíù ëåéôïõñãÞóåé, ôüôå ãéá êÜðïéï ëüãï ôï Üñèñùìá
+ äåí öïñôþèçêå óùóôÜ. ÔïðïèåôÞóôå ôç ãñáììÞ:</para>
<programlisting>options GEOM_MIRROR</programlisting>
- <para>in the kernel configuration file, rebuild and reinstall.
- That should remedy this issue.</para>
+ <para>óôï áñ÷åßï ñõèìßóåùí ôïõ ðõñÞíá óáò, áíáäçìéïõñãÞóôå êáé
+ åðáíåãêáôáóôÞóôå ôïí ðõñÞíá óáò. Ôï ðñüâëçìá óáò èá ðñÝðåé íá
+ äéïñèùèåß.</para>
</sect3>
</sect2>
<sect2>
- <title>Recovering From Disk Failure</title>
+ <title>ÅðáíáöïñÜ ÌåôÜ áðü Áðïôõ÷ßá Äßóêïõ</title>
- <para>The wonderful part about disk mirroring is that when a
- disk fails, it may be replaced, presumably, without losing
- any data.</para>
+ <para>Ôï åêðëçêôéêü ìå ôï mirroring åßíáé üôé üôáí Ýíáò óêëçñüò äßóêïò
+ ÷áëÜóåé, ìðïñåßôå íá ôïí áíôéêáôáóôÞóåôå ÷ùñßò íá ÷Üóåôå êáèüëïõ
+ äåäïìÝíá.</para>
- <para>Considering the previous <acronym>RAID</acronym>1
- configuration, assume that <devicename>da1</devicename>
- has failed and now needs to be replaced. To replace it,
- determine which disk has failed and power down the system.
- At this point, the disk may be swapped with a new one and
- the system brought back up. After the system has restarted,
- the following commands may be used to replace the disk:</para>
+ <para>ÕðïèÝôïíôáò üôé ÷ñçóéìïðïéïýìå ôéò ñõèìßóåéò
+ <acronym>RAID</acronym>1 ðïõ äåßîáìå ðñïçãïõìÝíùò, áò èåùñÞóïõìå üôé
+ ÷Üëáóå ï äßóêïò <devicename>da1</devicename> êáé ðñÝðåé íá
+ áíôéêáôáóôáèåß. Ãéá íá ôïí áíôéêáôáóôÞóåôå, âñåßôå ðïéïò äßóêïò åßíáé
+ êáé áðåíåñãïðïéÞóôå ôï óýóôçìá. Óôï óçìåßï áõôü, ìðïñåßôå ðëÝïí íá
+ áíôáëëÜîåôå ôï äßóêï ìå Ýíá íÝï êáé íá åíåñãïðïéÞóåôå îáíÜ ôï
+ óýóôçìá. ÌåôÜ ôçí åðáíåíåñãïðïßçóç ôïõ óõóôÞìáôïò, ìðïñåßôå íá
+ ÷ñçóéìïðïéÞóåôå ôéò ðáñáêÜôù åíôïëÝò ãéá íá èÝóåôå óå ëåéôïõñãßá ôï
+ íÝï äßóêï:</para>
<screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>gmirror forget gm0</userinput></screen>
<screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>gmirror insert gm0 /dev/da1</userinput></screen>
- <para>Use the <command>gmirror</command> <option>status</option>
- command to monitor the progress of the rebuild. It is that
- simple.</para>
+ <para>×ñçóéìïðïéÞóôå ôçí åíôïëÞ <command>gmirror</command>
+ <option>status</option> ãéá íá ðáñáêïëïõèåßôå ôç äéáäéêáóßá ôïõ
+ óõã÷ñïíéóìïý. Åßíáé óôá áëÞèåéá ôüóï áðëü.</para>
</sect2>
</sect1>
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