doc-el commit 1022:9947f38d88e2 - Replaced english text of 'adva...
freebsd-doc-el at lists.hellug.gr
freebsd-doc-el at lists.hellug.gr
Sun Nov 9 06:50:07 EET 2008
changeset: 1022:9947f38d88e2
user: Manolis Kiagias <sonicy at otenet.gr>
date: 2008-11-06 17:15 +0200
details: http://hg.hellug.gr/freebsd/doc-el/?cmd=changeset;node=9947f38d88e2
description:
Replaced english text of 'advanced-networking' with rev. 1.414 (no changes in synopsis)
diffstat:
1 file changed, 1015 insertions(+), 179 deletions(-)
el_GR.ISO8859-7/books/handbook/advanced-networking/chapter.sgml | 1194 ++++++++--
diffs (truncated from 1375 to 300 lines):
diff -r c7fcededf6cd -r 9947f38d88e2 el_GR.ISO8859-7/books/handbook/advanced-networking/chapter.sgml
--- a/el_GR.ISO8859-7/books/handbook/advanced-networking/chapter.sgml Thu Nov 06 17:10:43 2008 +0200
+++ b/el_GR.ISO8859-7/books/handbook/advanced-networking/chapter.sgml Thu Nov 06 17:15:05 2008 +0200
@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@
$FreeBSD: doc/el_GR.ISO8859-7/books/handbook/advanced-networking/chapter.sgml,v 1.2 2008/01/14 14:19:43 keramida Exp $
%SOURCE% en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/advanced-networking/chapter.sgml
- %SRCID% 1.1
+ %SRCID% 1.414
-->
@@ -666,6 +666,17 @@
<filename>/etc/mrouted.conf</filename>. More details on
multicast configuration may be found in the manual page for
&man.mrouted.8;.</para>
+
+ <note>
+ <para>As of &os; 7.0 the &man.mrouted.8; multicast routing daemon
+ has been removed from the base system. It implements the
+ <acronym>DVMRP</acronym> multicast routing protocol, which has
+ largely been replaced by &man.pim.4; in many multicast
+ installations. The related &man.map-mbone.8; and
+ &man.mrinfo.8; utilities have also been removed. These programs
+ are now available in the &os; Ports Collection as
+ <filename role="package">net/mrouted</filename>.</para>
+ </note>
</sect2>
</sect1>
@@ -830,9 +841,18 @@
<para>With a device driver configured you need to also bring
in the 802.11 networking support required by the driver.
- For the &man.ath.4; driver this is at least the &man.wlan.4;
- module; this module is automatically loaded with the
- wireless device driver. With that you will need the modules
+ For the &man.ath.4; driver these are at least the &man.wlan.4;,
+ <literal>wlan_scan_ap</literal> and
+ <literal>wlan_scan_sta</literal>
+ modules; the &man.wlan.4; module is automatically loaded with the
+ wireless device driver, the remaining modules must be loaded
+ at boot time via the <filename>/boot/loader.conf</filename>
+ file:</para>
+
+ <programlisting>wlan_scan_ap_load="YES"
+wlan_scan_sta_load="YES"</programlisting>
+
+ <para>With that you will need the modules
that implement cryptographic support for the security
protocols you intend to use. These are intended to be
dynamically loaded on demand by the &man.wlan.4; module but
@@ -866,6 +886,8 @@
device ath_hal # Atheros Hardware Access Layer
device ath_rate_sample # John Bicket's SampleRate control algorithm.
device wlan # 802.11 support (Required)
+device wlan_scan_ap # 802.11 AP mode scanning
+device wlan_scan_sta # 802.11 STA mode scanning
device wlan_wep # WEP crypto support for 802.11 devices
device wlan_ccmp # AES-CCMP crypto support for 802.11 devices
device wlan_tkip # TKIP and Michael crypto support for 802.11 devices</programlisting>
@@ -910,8 +932,8 @@
<screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>ifconfig <replaceable>ath0</replaceable> up scan</userinput>
SSID BSSID CHAN RATE S:N INT CAPS
-dlinkap 00:13:46:49:41:76 6 54M 29:0 100 EPS WPA WME
-freebsdap 00:11:95:c3:0d:ac 1 54M 22:0 100 EPS WPA</screen>
+dlinkap 00:13:46:49:41:76 6 54M 29:3 100 EPS WPA WME
+freebsdap 00:11:95:c3:0d:ac 1 54M 22:1 100 EPS WPA</screen>
<note>
<para>You must mark the interface <option>up</option>
@@ -1152,7 +1174,7 @@
parameters you have set up for selecting an access
point:</para>
- <programlisting>ifconfig_ath0="inet <replaceable>192.168.1.100</replaceable> netmask <replaceable>255.255.255.0</replaceable> ssid <replaceable>your_ssid_here</replaceable>"</programlisting>
+ <programlisting>ifconfig_ath0="ssid <replaceable>your_ssid_here</replaceable> inet <replaceable>192.168.1.100</replaceable> netmask <replaceable>255.255.255.0</replaceable>"</programlisting>
</sect5>
<sect4 id="network-wireless-wpa">
@@ -1644,15 +1666,18 @@
<para>WEP can be set up with
<command>ifconfig</command>:</para>
- <screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>ifconfig <replaceable>ath0</replaceable> inet <replaceable>192.168.1.100</replaceable> netmask <replaceable>255.255.255.0</replaceable> ssid my_net \
- wepmode on weptxkey 3 wepkey 3:0x3456789012</userinput></screen>
+ <screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>ifconfig <replaceable>ath0</replaceable> ssid my_net wepmode on weptxkey 3 wepkey 3:0x3456789012 \
+ inet <replaceable>192.168.1.100</replaceable> netmask <replaceable>255.255.255.0</replaceable></userinput></screen>
<itemizedlist>
<listitem>
<para>The <literal>weptxkey</literal> means which WEP
key will be used in the transmission. Here we used the
third key. This must match the setting in the access
- point.</para>
+ point. If you do not have any idea of what is the key
+ used by the access point, you should try to use
+ <literal>1</literal> (i.e., the first key) for this
+ value.</para>
</listitem>
<listitem>
@@ -1707,7 +1732,7 @@
<para>On the box <hostid>A</hostid>:</para>
- <screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>ifconfig <replaceable>ath0</replaceable> inet <replaceable>192.168.0.1</replaceable> netmask <replaceable>255.255.255.0</replaceable> ssid <replaceable>freebsdap</replaceable> mediaopt adhoc</userinput>
+ <screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>ifconfig <replaceable>ath0</replaceable> ssid <replaceable>freebsdap</replaceable> mediaopt adhoc inet <replaceable>192.168.0.1</replaceable> netmask <replaceable>255.255.255.0</replaceable></userinput>
&prompt.root; <userinput>ifconfig <replaceable>ath0</replaceable></userinput>
ath0: flags=8843<UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,SIMPLEX,MULTICAST> mtu 1500
inet 192.168.0.1 netmask 0xffffff00 broadcast 192.168.0.255
@@ -1726,14 +1751,14 @@
<screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>ifconfig <replaceable>ath0</replaceable> up scan</userinput>
SSID BSSID CHAN RATE S:N INT CAPS
- freebsdap 02:11:95:c3:0d:ac 2 54M 19:0 100 IS</screen>
+ freebsdap 02:11:95:c3:0d:ac 2 54M 19:3 100 IS</screen>
<para>The <literal>I</literal> in the output confirms the
machine <hostid>A</hostid> is in ad-hoc mode. We just have to
configure <hostid>B</hostid> with a different IP
address:</para>
- <screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>ifconfig <replaceable>ath0</replaceable> inet <replaceable>192.168.0.2</replaceable> netmask <replaceable>255.255.255.0</replaceable> ssid <replaceable>freebsdap</replaceable> mediaopt adhoc</userinput>
+ <screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>ifconfig <replaceable>ath0</replaceable> ssid <replaceable>freebsdap</replaceable> mediaopt adhoc inet <replaceable>192.168.0.2</replaceable> netmask <replaceable>255.255.255.0</replaceable></userinput>
&prompt.root; <userinput>ifconfig <replaceable>ath0</replaceable></userinput>
ath0: flags=8843<UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,SIMPLEX,MULTICAST> mtu 1500
inet6 fe80::211:95ff:fed5:4362%ath0 prefixlen 64 scopeid 0x1
@@ -1748,6 +1773,305 @@
ready to exchange informations.</para>
</sect2>
+ <sect2 id="network-wireless-ap">
+ <title>&os; Host Access Points</title>
+
+ <para>&os; can act as an Access Point (AP) which eliminates the
+ need to buy a hardware AP or run an ad-hoc network. This can be
+ particularly useful when your &os; machine is acting as a
+ gateway to another network (e.g., the Internet).</para>
+
+ <sect3 id="network-wireless-ap-basic">
+ <title>Basic Settings</title>
+
+ <para>Before configuring your &os; machine as an AP, the
+ kernel must be configured with the appropriate wireless
+ networking support for your wireless card. You also have to
+ add the support for the security protocols you intend to
+ use. For more details, see <xref
+ linkend="network-wireless-basic">.</para>
+
+ <note>
+ <para>The use of the NDIS driver wrapper and the &windows;
+ drivers do not allow currently the AP operation. Only
+ native &os; wireless drivers support AP mode.</para>
+ </note>
+
+ <para>Once the wireless networking support is loaded, you can
+ check if your wireless device supports the host-based access
+ point mode (also know as hostap mode):</para>
+
+ <screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>ifconfig <replaceable>ath0</replaceable> list caps</userinput>
+ath0=783ed0f<WEP,TKIP,AES,AES_CCM,IBSS,HOSTAP,AHDEMO,TXPMGT,SHSLOT,SHPREAMBLE,MONITOR,TKIPMIC,WPA1,WPA2,BURST,WME></screen>
+
+ <para>This output displays the card capabilities; the
+ <literal>HOSTAP</literal> word confirms this wireless card
+ can act as an Access Point. Various supported ciphers are
+ also mentioned: WEP, TKIP, WPA2, etc., these informations
+ are important to know what security protocols could be set
+ on the Access Point.</para>
+
+ <para>The wireless device can now be put into hostap mode and
+ configured with the correct SSID and IP address:</para>
+
+ <screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>ifconfig <replaceable>ath0</replaceable> ssid <replaceable>freebsdap</replaceable> mode 11g mediaopt hostap</userinput> inet <replaceable>192.168.0.1</replaceable> netmask <replaceable>255.255.255.0</replaceable></screen>
+
+ <para>Use again <command>ifconfig</command> to see the status
+ of the <devicename>ath0</devicename> interface:</para>
+
+ <screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>ifconfig <replaceable>ath0</replaceable></userinput>
+ ath0: flags=8843<UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,SIMPLEX,MULTICAST> mtu 1500
+ inet 192.168.0.1 netmask 0xffffff00 broadcast 192.168.0.255
+ inet6 fe80::211:95ff:fec3:dac%ath0 prefixlen 64 scopeid 0x4
+ ether 00:11:95:c3:0d:ac
+ media: IEEE 802.11 Wireless Ethernet autoselect mode 11g <hostap>
+ status: associated
+ ssid freebsdap channel 1 bssid 00:11:95:c3:0d:ac
+ authmode OPEN privacy OFF txpowmax 38 bmiss 7 protmode CTS burst dtimperiod 1 bintval 100</screen>
+
+ <para>The <literal>hostap</literal> parameter indicates the
+ interface is running in the host-based access point
+ mode.</para>
+
+ <para>The interface configuration can be done automatically at
+ boot time by adding the following line to
+ <filename>/etc/rc.conf</filename>:</para>
+
+ <programlisting>ifconfig_ath0="ssid <replaceable>freebsdap</replaceable> mode 11g mediaopt hostap inet <replaceable>192.168.0.1</replaceable> netmask <replaceable>255.255.255.0</replaceable>"</programlisting>
+ </sect3>
+
+ <sect3>
+ <title>Host-based Access Point without Authentication or
+ Encryption</title>
+
+ <para>Although it is not recommended to run an AP without any
+ authentication or encryption, this is a simple way to check
+ if your AP is working. This configuration is also important
+ for debugging client issues.</para>
+
+ <para>Once the AP configured as previously shown, it is
+ possible from another wireless machine to initiate a scan to
+ find the AP:</para>
+
+ <screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>ifconfig <replaceable>ath0</replaceable> up scan</userinput>
+SSID BSSID CHAN RATE S:N INT CAPS
+freebsdap 00:11:95:c3:0d:ac 1 54M 22:1 100 ES</screen>
+
+ <para>The client machine found the Access Point and can be
+ associated with it:</para>
+
+ <screen>&prompt.root; <userinput>ifconfig <replaceable>ath0</replaceable> ssid <replaceable>freebsdap</replaceable> inet <replaceable>192.168.0.2</replaceable> netmask <replaceable>255.255.255.0</replaceable></userinput>
+&prompt.root; <userinput>ifconfig <replaceable>ath0</replaceable></userinput>
+ ath0: flags=8843<UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,SIMPLEX,MULTICAST> mtu 1500
+ inet6 fe80::211:95ff:fed5:4362%ath0 prefixlen 64 scopeid 0x1
+ inet 192.168.0.2 netmask 0xffffff00 broadcast 192.168.0.255
+ ether 00:11:95:d5:43:62
+ media: IEEE 802.11 Wireless Ethernet autoselect (OFDM/54Mbps)
+ status: associated
+ ssid freebsdap channel 1 bssid 00:11:95:c3:0d:ac
+ authmode OPEN privacy OFF txpowmax 36 protmode CTS bintval 100</screen>
+ </sect3>
+
+ <sect3>
+ <title>WPA Host-based Access Point</title>
+
+ <para>This section will focus on setting up &os; Access Point
+ using the WPA security protocol. More details regarding WPA
+ and the configuration of WPA-based wireless clients can be
+ found in the <xref linkend="network-wireless-wpa">.</para>
+
+ <para>The <application>hostapd</application> daemon is used to
+ deal with client authentication and keys management on the
+ WPA enabled Access Point.</para>
+
+ <para>In the following, all the configuration operations will
+ be performed on the &os; machine acting as AP. Once the
+ AP is correctly working, <application>hostapd</application>
+ should be automatically enabled at boot with the following
+ line in <filename>/etc/rc.conf</filename>:</para>
+
+ <programlisting>hostapd_enable="YES"</programlisting>
+
+ <para>Before trying to configure
+ <application>hostapd</application>, be sure you have done
+ the basic settings introduced in the <xref
+ linkend="network-wireless-ap-basic">.</para>
+
+ <sect4>
+ <title>WPA-PSK</title>
+
+ <para>WPA-PSK is intended for small networks where the use
+ of an backend authentication server is not possible or
+ desired.</para>
+
+ <para>The configuration is done in the
+ <filename>/etc/hostapd.conf</filename> file:</para>
+
+ <programlisting>interface=ath0 <co id="co-ap-wpapsk-iface">
+debug=1 <co id="co-ap-wpapsk-dbug">
+ctrl_interface=/var/run/hostapd <co id="co-ap-wpapsk-ciface">
+ctrl_interface_group=wheel <co id="co-ap-wpapsk-cifacegrp">
+ssid=freebsdap <co id="co-ap-wpapsk-ssid">
+wpa=1 <co id="co-ap-wpapsk-wpa">
+wpa_passphrase=freebsdmall <co id="co-ap-wpapsk-pass">
+wpa_key_mgmt=WPA-PSK <co id="co-ap-wpapsk-kmgmt">
+wpa_pairwise=CCMP TKIP <co id="co-ap-wpapsk-pwise"></programlisting>
+
+ <calloutlist>
+ <callout arearefs="co-ap-wpapsk-iface">
+ <para>This field indicates the wireless interface used
+ for the Access Point.</para>
+ </callout>
+
+ <callout arearefs="co-ap-wpapsk-dbug">
+ <para>This field sets the level of verbosity during the
+ execution of <application>hostapd</application>. A
+ value of <literal>1</literal> represents the minimal
+ level.</para>
+ </callout>
+
+ <callout arearefs="co-ap-wpapsk-ciface">
+ <para>The <literal>ctrl_interface</literal> field gives
+ the pathname of the directory used by
+ <application>hostapd</application> to stores its
+ domain socket files for the communication with
+ external programs such as &man.hostapd.cli.8;. The
+ default value is used here.</para>
+ </callout>
+
+ <callout arearefs="co-ap-wpapsk-cifacegrp">
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